4.8 Misconduct and Punishment of Employers and Employees

The misconduct's catalogue (the worker's wrongs): the discipline's breaches (the absence, the insubordination, the dishonesty, the violence, the sabotage, the intoxication); the punishment's ladder (the progressive discipline: the warning → the fine →the suspension → the demotion → the termination — the proportionality's requirement); the procedure (the explanation's call-and-answer — the natural justice's application; the record's discipline); the employers' own misconduct (the Act's reciprocal provisions — the employer's violations (the standards' breach; the benefits' denial) with the penal-and-compensatory consequences). The prescribed cases (cited verbatim; honest notes): Nepal Battery Company, Balaju Industrial Estate Pvt. Ltd. v. Ministry of Labour (NKP 2059 B.S., No. 11/12, p. 726) and Purushottam Bhandari v. Ministry of Transport and Labour Management (Writ No. 3232 (2058 B.S.); Shramsambandhi Mahatwapurna Najirharu, Part II, p. 379) — the dismissal-and-discipline era's cases (read the reports for the precise facts-and-holdings).