4.3 Scientific Examination of Biological Evidences

The presumptive tests (the screening): the blood's — the Kastle-Meyer (the phenolphthalein's pink), the luminol (the invisible stains' glow — the cleaned scenes' revelation); the semen's — the acid phosphatase; the saliva's — the amylase. The confirmatory tests: the blood's — the Teichmann-and-Takayama crystals (the haemoglobin's proof); the human-origin's tests (the precipitin — the species' determination); the semen's — the microscopy (the spermatozoa) and the prostate-specific antigen. The individualisation: the blood's grouping (U4.4) and the DNA's profiling (U5) — the source's narrowing-to-identification. The documentation: the stains' photography-and-sketching; the sampling (the cutting, the swabbing, the standard samples' collection).