1.4 Similarities and Differences between Refugee, Asylum-seekers, Migrants, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Stateless Persons and Fugitive

The faceThe defining lineThe key differenceRefugeeThe recognised (or recognisable) 1951-type fear- holderThe protection's substitution (the rights regime applies)Asylum- seekerThe claim-pending (the refugee asserted, not yet determined)The procedural stage (the determination (U3) pendente — the benefit-of-doubt)MigrantThe choice-based movement (the work-family-study)The voluntariness (no protection-trigger; the mixed faces of U5)IDPThe displaced inside (the border uncrossed)The sovereignty intact (the state's own duty — the Guiding Principles' non-binding soft law)Stateless personThe no-state (the nationality's absence)The protection's problem even without displacement (the 1954-and-1961 conventions' world); the overlap faces (the stateless refugees)FugitiveThe fleeing-justice (the crime's escape)The exclusion's core (the 1951's serious-criminal bar (U3.3)) — the anti-thesis of the refugee