4.4 Controlling Mechanisms over Delegated Legislation

4.4.1 Legislative Scrutiny and Committee Process The parliament's checks: the laying (the rules' tabling — the notification-and-annulment designs); the committees (the delegated-legislation committees' review — the scrutiny's parliamentary face); the questions-and-debates; the amendment-or-annulment powers (the Act's provision- dependent). The Nepali practice: the parliament's committee system (the bills'-and- accountability' committees' faces); the laying requirements' presence in the acts. 4.4.2 Judicial Control over Delegated Legislation The courts' checks: the ultra vires review (the rule beyond the parent act's authority — void); the unconstitutionality (the parent act's-or-rule's constitutional breach); the procedural failure (the consultation-and-publication's breach); the sub-delegation's invalidity; the abuse-and-absurdity's doctrines; the presumptions' discipline (the valid-until-challenged; the reading-down's preference). The Nepali route: the writ jurisdiction (Arts 133/144 — the rules' challenge). 4.4.3 Miscellaneous Limitation: Consultation, Approval and Publication 1. The consultation (the affected parties' hearing — the advisory committees; the stakeholder's notice). 2. The approval (the minister's-or-government's sanction — the layer's check). 3. The publication (the Gazette's requirement — the law's knowability; the effective-date discipline).