1. The ancient faces — the earliest death investigations (the Chinese-and-Indian lore: the poison-detection's-ordeals; the Samarang Sutradhara-style ancient texts' faces).
2. The European birth — the medieval-and-renaissance codes (the Carolina's 1532 autopsy mandate); the universities' chairs (the 17th-18th centuries' recognition); the 19th-century classics (the Taylor's-and-Casper's texts; the forensic medicine's professionalisation).
3. The modern era — the pathology's science (the microscope, the chemistry); the DNA revolution (the LAW5510-U5 story); the human-rights protocol era (the Istanbul Protocol of U5.9).
4. The Nepali face — the medical education's arrival (the Institute of Medicine's forensic department; the hospital-based medico-legal services — the TU Teaching Hospital's-and-the- zonal hospitals' autopsy services); the forensic-medicine's teaching (the MBBS curriculum's department); the legal system's growing use (the death-investigation machinery of U2; the expert-witness practice's maturation).