Define a cheque and list its essentials under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 2034. 2.

5.1.1 Basic Element A bank payment has four elements: the payer's order (cheque, instruction, card authorization), the paying bank, the payee or collecting bank, and the account from which value leaves. Payment is complete when the payee finally receives the money in the agreed sense — a distinction that matters when an intermediary fails. 5.1.2 Payment Method: Credit/Debit Transfer • Credit transfer (push): the payer instructs its bank to send money to the payee (e.g., a remittance). The instruction travels bank-to-bank; the payee's account is credited. • Debit transfer (pull): the payee (through its bank) draws on the payer — the cheque's model, and direct-debit instruments. The Payment and Settlement Act, 2075 (2019) and NRB directives govern modern payment systems, including electronic means, with settlement finality rules for designated systems.