20 B. Inductive reasoning (particular → general)

Induction generalises from observed instances to a rule.Example: Decision 1 holds a landlord liable for a collapsing roof; Decision 2 holds a shopkeeper liable for a falling signboard; Decision 3 holds an employer liable for a defective machine. Induction: one who controls a premises or instrumentality owes a duty of care to thoselawfully affected by it.This is exactly how common-law rules were built — case by case, the rule emerging from many particulars — and how courts still articulate new principles. Strength: it creates new rules. Danger: hasty or over-broad generalisation (see fallacies, 2.5).