3 A. Making of law

(1) The Federal Parliament (bicameral: House of Representatives + National Assembly):1. Introduction — a Bill may be introduced by a Minister or a member; Money Bills (concerning taxation, the Consolidated Fund, borrowing, etc.) may be introduced only in the House of Representatives and only by a Minister (Art. 110).2. Readings and passage — the Bill is debated (first reading, clause-by-clause consideration — often in a committee — then final reading) and passed by majority of members presentand voting.3. Action by the other House — the second House may pass the Bill, or pass it with amendments; where the Houses disagree, the disputed Bill is presented to a joint sitting of both Houses.4. Certification — the Bill, authenticated by the Speaker/Chair, is presented to the President, who must certify it within 15 days; the President may return an ordinary Bill once with a message for reconsideration, but if both Houses pass it again, certification becomes obligatory (Art. 113). On certification the Bill becomes an Act.5. Publication — the Act takes effect on publication in the Nepal Gazette (or on the date specified in it).(2) Ordinance — when both Houses are not in session, the President, on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers, may promulgate an Ordinance with the force of an Act (Art. 114). It must be tabled at the…