What was Nepal-Mandala?

After the Licchavis (Unit 2), the documentary record thins; the centuries to c. 1200 are the "Thakuri" period, with a weakened monarchy, feudal magnates, and the rising shadow of neighbours — the Karnatas of Simraungadh in the tarai (3.3) and, in the west, the Khasas (3.4). From the chaos of the late 13th–14th centuries (Malla-Tibetan-Khasa triangle, the great 1311? — the raid of Khasa king Ripumalla? and earlier Jitari Malla (1288) on the Valley), a new Malla order consolidates.