The classic formula:Political Science is the science of the state; the others supply itsdimensions.
1. History — "politics without history is a tree without roots" (Seeley: "politics is vulgar when not liberalised by history"). History supplies data; political science supplies theory. Nepal: the 2072 Constitution is unreadable without 2007 BS, 2017 BS, 2046 BS, 2062/63 BS (see Nepali History, Unit 5).
2. Economics — the state's oldest partner: who taxes, who spends, who owns. Political economy → public finance → development policy. Nepal's federal fiscal transfers are simultaneously an economics and a politics question.
3. Sociology — society underlies the state: class, caste, gender, socialisation, movements. Nepal's proportional-inclusion provisions (Arts. 40, 42, 84(2)) are applied political sociology.
4. Philosophy — the theory of the just, the free, the equal — political theory is applied moral philosophy.
5. Geography — territory, resources, borders; geopolitics (Nepal between India and China).
6. Psychology — leadership, propaganda, political culture, why people vote as they do.
7. Anthropology — the state's deep background: custom, kinship, local authority (see Sociology, Semester 1).
8. International Relations — the state outward-facing: diplomacy, war, UN, treaties.