2 B. The Presidential form (USA — the model)

Features:1. Single executive: the President is both head of state and head of government;2. Separation of personnel: the President and legislators are elected separately, for fixedterms, and neither can remove the other by ordinary vote (removal only by impeachment);3. Non-responsibility: the President does not sit in, and is not responsible to, the legislature;4. Fixed-term mandate: the President cannot dissolve the legislature;5. Rigidity by design — stability through separation.Merits: stability; energy in the executive (Hamilton's argument); a single nationwide mandate; separation protects liberty. Demerits: gridlock (divided government); personalisation of power; rigidity (a failed president cannot be removed easily); no parliamentary nursery of ministers.(Hybrid forms exist — the semi-presidential Fifth Republic France: directly elected President +responsible PM.)