3.4 Industrial Society

The way of life: machine production, fossil energy, the factory and the city; wage labour replacing land as the livelihood; the nation-state's full apparatus. Social organisation (theclassics — cross-ref Sociology Unit 2.1's Tönnies/Durkheim):Gemeinschaft →Gesellschaft (community to association); organic solidarity (interdependence of specialists — Durkheim, and his Division of Labour's law prediction: repressive → restitutive — Jurisprudence Unit 3.3.1); class replaces estate as the stratification idiom (Marx's two great classes; Weber's status and party); family nuclearises (the industrial city's housing, not the plough-family); secularisation and rationalisation (Weber — Unit 2.3's disenchantment); mass education, mass politics, mass media. Order institutions: the modern legal order — positive law, legislation, professional courts, police and prison (Foucault's discipline — Unit 2.5's power/ knowledge); contract as the glue (Maine's "from status to contract" — the agrarian's child in the parent's place: achieved, not ascribed, position). Nepal's case: partial and compressed — the industrial sector thin (Economics-I Unit 5.5's "weak industrialization"), but industrial society arriving through migration (the Gulf factory-camp as Nepal's industrial socialisation), urbanisation and the service economy.