6 C. Mazzini, Garibaldi (and Cavour) — and the unification

(The syllabus pairs the prophet and the sword; the brain — Cavour — must be added for the fullpicture: the unification's triple division of labour.)1. Giuseppe Mazzini — the prophet: the apostle of the nation — Young Italy (1831: a secret society for "Rome of the people" one republic, one Italy, "the third Rome"); insurrections and martyrdoms (his name on every failed rising of 1830s–40s; 1849's Roman Republic — his three months as its soul); the pen and the conspiracies; influence beyond Italy — the prophet of nationalist republicanism in Europe (Kossuth, and the democrats' Europe — "the Rome of the peoples") — and on Gandhi's generation's political style (movements of faith). Failed in method (conspiracy without power), immortal in premise: the people as the nation's author — every republic's Italian grandfather.2. Giuseppe Garibaldi — the sword: the hero of two worlds (exile in South America's wars — guerrilla science learnt); Mazzini's disciple turned Piedmont's ally; 1849's Roman defence; then the Thousand (I Mille, 1860) — the redshirts: a thousand volunteers sailing from Genoa, landing in Marsala (Sicily), defeating the Bourbons' armies with guerrilla war and peasant defection, taking Naples in weeks — then the handshake of Teano (26 Oct 1860): the south handed to Victor Emanuel — the republic surrendered to the monarchy (Garibaldi's choice: unity before ideology —…