Distinguish offer from invitation to treat with examples.3.

The world's legal families (the map):common law (England and its former colonies — precedent-centred, judge-made law accumulated) vs civil law (continental Europe and its descendants — codified statutes, the Justinian-Napoleonic lineage; Jurisprudence Unit 3's Roman road) vs religious/customary systems (Islamic law's juristic tradition; Hindu dharmashastra; customary orders) — and mixed systems combining them.UK: a common law system — law found in statutes and centuries of case law; lawyers speak of "authorities" (cases) as much as sections. Nepal: a mixed system with a civil-law core — comprehensive codes (the Muluki Civil and Criminal Codes 2074, the Procedure Codes 2074) in the codification tradition, but a century of common-law-procedural influence (rules of evidence, writ practice, case-law reasoning) and a living layer of custom (guthi, family custom — Jurisprudence Unit 2.3.3). The 2015 Constitution crowns the whole. Comparative vocabulary:statute/Act, code, common law (judge-made law), equity, precedent, jurisdiction.