5 Justifiable Defences

5.1 Private Defence (Self-Defence, Defence of Property, Defence of Chastity)The principle: a person attacked (or his property, or the chastity of himself or those under his protection) may repel the attack with force — no crime is committed by lawful defence. Theclassical foundations: natural right (self-preservation), the law's practical limits (the state cannot be everywhere — vim vi repellere licet, force may be repelled by force), and the wrongdoer's forfeiture (the aggressor cannot claim the law's protection against lawful resistance to his own wrong).The conditions' checklist (the examination's spine):1. An unlawful and imminent attack — against self or others (defence of third persons is included), property, or chastity; there must be present danger — the defence does not avenge, it repels (no defence against a completed attack; the "springing" revenge problem);2. Necessity — force only so far as needed to repel; once the attack ends, the right ends (the time-lag problem: continuing force against a fleeing attacker turns defender into aggressor);3. Proportionality — the response's gravity calibrated to the interest attacked: deadly force only against threats to life, grievous harm, and the gravest property/qualified situations (arson, night-time housebreaking — the Code's scheme permitting lethal defence in enumerated grave settings); against simple theft, non-deadly restraint only;4. Not against public servants acting lawfully — no private defence against lawful arrest or official…