Explain the constitutional provisions on property rights, quoting Article 25's clauses and analysing the balance they strike.

Property, in law, is not the thing but the right over things: a bundle of legal relations between persons with respect to things — to use, exclude, derive income from, and transfer (the full jurisprudential treatment is in Jurisprudence-II, Unit 3, which this course builds on). The lawyer's working definition: property is any right in rem — good against the world — over a determinate object, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible. The Nepali lawyer's daily property is land: the kitta, the lalpurja (the ownership certificate), the boundary and the plot — Nepal being a land- centred legal economy where land is wealth, credit, status and dispute in one.