What heads of claim are recognized?

Eminent domain — the state's inherent power to take private property for public use, upon compensation: the sovereign's ultimate dominion over land (the dominium eminens of the classical writers). Its modern legal form: a power conditioned — every constitutional property clause polices it:1. Public purpose (the taking's justification — roads, schools, reservoirs; the modern debate: economic development and private-benefit takings);2. Compensation (the exchange-justice condition — Article 25(3): the basis of compensation and procedure as prescribed by Act);3. Due procedure (notice, hearing, valuation — administrative law's guarantee).In Nepal: Article 25(2) — the State shall not, except in the public interest, acquire, requisition or create encumbrance — with 25(3)'s Act-based compensation mandate, and 25(5)'s pragmatic permission to redirect acquired property to another public use. The statutory machinery: the LandAcquisition Act, 2034 (1977) — the eminent-domain code — supplemented by sectoral acquisition powers (forest, roads, hydropower laws' special procedures).