3 Management and Division of Co-owned Property

Management (the interim regime):• The family's karta-tradition (the household head managing the joint holding — the customary manager's powers surviving the reform era in practice, the Code's formal equality notwithstanding);• The default rules: management by common consent; the acting-manager's accounting duty; the court's appointment of a manager/receiver in deadlock;• Ordinary acts (cultivation, maintenance) by any co-owner; extraordinary acts (sale, mortgage of the whole) only unanimously — the majority/minority problem's judicial management.Division — the two routes:1. Mutual (deed) partition: the co-owners divide by agreement — the partition deed registered (immovables); the kitta split (the survey office's subdivision — the new lalpurjas); the family partition's ceremonies and accounts (the darta, the assets-and-liabilities schedule);2. Judicial partition: on any co-owner's suit (Unit 8's procedure) — the court's division by metes and bounds, valuation, auction-and-division where physical division impracticable (the urban house among four heirs sold and proceeds shared).