4 Human Trafficking and Transportation

The statute: the Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control and Protection) Act,2064 (2007) — Nepal's dedicated code (replacing the Ain-era chapter), with the National Human Trafficking Control Committees and district mechanisms, victim rehabilitation funds, and the offence's two-headed architecture (the syllabus's "definition and types").Definition and the Nepali innovation: the Act distinguishes:1. Trafficking (bechbikhan — sale/purchase): the transactional form — selling or buying a person, or delivering/accepting a person for sale, for exploitation;2. Transportation (parivahan — the Nepali doctrine's distinctive head): transporting a person out of the country (or within, by deception) for exploitation — reaching the recruiter/ transporter who never "sells" anyone but delivers the victim to the exploiter.Exploitation's menu (the Act's list, by principle): prostitution and sexual exploitation; forced or bonded labour; organ extraction; involuntary servitude; the exploitative entertainment/ embedment trades. The types in practice: the fake-employment ruse (Gulf/Malaysia/India recruitment — the labour-migration trap: the migration unit of IRD's economics), the entertainment-sector trafficking (the dance bars and cabin restaurants), the circus children tradition (the Indian circus cases), the organ-sale cases, the mail-order/bride-trafficking patterns, the child-begging networks; aggravations: child victims, the family-member offender (the guardian selling the child — the Act's own horror head), organized rings; the victim-protectionarchitecture: in-camera hearings, victim confidentiality, rehabilitation and compensation (the fund's machinery), non-punishment-of-victim principles.