Define forgery and explain its essential elements and aggravated forms, including electronic forgery.

Documents are property's and identity's paper form: the deed, the citizenship certificate, the cheque, the academic transcript, the land register's entry. The criminal law's document offences punish deceiving through documents — making them false (forgery), using them false (passing), and obtaining by them (fraud). The interest protected: not the paper but the authenticity system — the world's reliance on documents as true (the courts, the registries, the banks, the employers).