Discuss (a) Additional Protocol II

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) — the jus in bello (Unit 2's separation: applicable equally to all parties regardless of the war's justice) — the law of armed conflict's humanitarian branch: the protection of persons not (or no longer) fighting and the limits on means and methods of warfare.The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 (the universally ratified core — 196 states; Nepal a party):ConventionProtected categoryGC IThe wounded and sick in the field (land forces)GC IIThe wounded, sick and shipwrecked at sea (naval forces)GC IIIPrisoners of warGC IVCivilians in the power of the enemy (occupation and internment)Common Article 3 — the mini-convention within all four: the minimum yardstick for non-international armed conflict (the state's conflict with organized armed groups): humane treatment without adverse distinction (the enumerated prohibitions: violence to life, hostage- taking, outrages upon dignity, sentencing without judicial guarantees — the "the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees recognized as indispensable"); the wounded's collection and care; the impartial humanitarian body's offer of services (the ICRC's window); the parties' right to conclude special agreements. Common Article 3's Nepal-history: the2006 Comprehensive Peace Accord's explicit anchoring — below.The Additional Protocols:1. AP I (1977) — international armed conflicts: the conduct-of-hostilities rules (distinction, proportionality, precautions — the principles' codified home),…