3 Role of the United Nations and Regional Organizations

The United Nations:1. The Security Council (Article 33–36 family): the dispute's recommendation power (Chapter VI — the peaceful-settlement recommendations; the Council's investigation power (Article 34); the parties' referral or the Council's own motion); the enforcement escalation (Chapter VII — Units 2 and 4);2. The General Assembly (Articles 10–14): discussion and recommendations; the Uniting forPeace resolution (1950) — the Assembly's peace-recommendation role when the Council deadlocks (Unit 2);3. The Secretary-General (Article 99): the power to bring to the Council's attention any matter threatening peace — the good-offices practice's charter-basis; the preventive-diplomacy doctrine (Boutros-Ghali's Agenda for Peace family — the 1990s' expansion);4. The ICJ as the system's judicial organ (below).Regional organizations (Chapter VIII — Article 52's frame, Unit 4's enforcement rules): the regional agencies' dispute-settlement role — the OAS's and AU's mechanisms, ASEAN's Treaty of Amity's pacific-settlement scheme; SAARC's structural weakness — the exam's SouthAsian paragraph: the SAARC Charter's exclusion of bilateral and contentious issues from the Association's competence — the region's disputes (India–Pakistan's generations; the water and border questions) constitutionally outside SAARC's door: the deliberate design (the sovereignty- preserving bargain of the region's smaller states' own making — Nepal among the architects) and the price (no regional dispute-settlement machinery at all); the comparative lesson: SAARC as the counter-model to the African and Inter-American systems. Nepal's treaty-practice riders: the arbitration and dispute…