1 Different Types of Rights

• By source/status:natural/inalienable (dignity-based, pre-state) vs. positive/constitutional (state-granted-and-guaranteed) vs. ordinary statutory rights;• By bearer:individual, group (women, children, Dalits — collective-attribute rights), and diffuse/public rights (environment, consumer — the PIL era's beneficiaries);• By content: civil (liberty, equality), political (vote, participation), economic (property, employment), social (education, health, food), cultural (language, religion) and developmental (food sovereignty, environment) — the three "generations" of rights (civil-political; socio- economic; solidarity/collective) as the comparative map;• By justiciability:justiciable (enforceable in court) vs. non-justiciable (directive principles — Unit 3); the Nepali Constitution's special category: rights made enforceable only as laws aremade (the "as provided by law" clauses) — the implementation problem of Article 47;• Duties as rights' mirror: citizen duties (Article 48) as the constitutional counterpart of rights.