Explain the directive principles, policies and obligations of the state under the Constitution of Nepal (2015).

Directive principles — the constitution's aspirational program: objectives the state commits to pursue, policies it promises to follow, obligations it accepts — without individual enforceability. The model: the Irish Constitution's 1937 borrowing from the Spanish 1931 design; India's Part IV (the Nepal-comparative's constant); Nepal's own lineage: the 1962 Constitution's duties-and-directives style (rights suspended, aspirations installed), the 1990 text's directive chapter, and the 2015Constitution's Part 4 (Articles 49–59) — the fullest Nepali version.The 2015 architecture:1. Article 49 (the guiding clause): the principles, policies and responsibilities "shall remain as guidelines for the governance of the State," with the state obligated to mobilize the required resources;2. Article 50 (directive principles): four objectives — political (federal democratic republican strengthening; rule of law; rights-and-inclusion; cooperative federalism; local autonomy and decentralization), socio-cultural (civilized egalitarian society; end of discrimination; cultural diversity respected), economic (self-reliant economy developing toward a socialism-orientedeconomy; equitable distribution; end of exploitation) and international-relations (sovereign equality; national interest and prestige);3. Article 51 (policies): the great catalogue — national unity and security; political-and- governance reform (rule of law, human rights, implementation of international treatiesNepal has joined, good governance, clean public administration); social-cultural transformation; finance-industry-commerce (foreign aid transparent and within the budget); agriculture and scientific land reform (ending dual ownership); development (balanced, environment-friendly, science-investing); natural resources (inter-generational justice; water- resources priority; renewable energy); basic needs; social justice…