8 Partition from Gender Perspective

1. The excluded past: the daughter's partition-in-marriage doctrine (dowry as her "share"); the widow's jiyuni; the wife's dependency;3. The constitutional settlement: Articles 18(5) (no gender discrimination in parental property) and 38(6) (equal spousal rights in property and family affairs) — the Code 2074's gender-neutral coparcenary as the implementation;4. The remaining critiques: the practice gap (the daughters' non-claiming under family pressure; the renunciation deeds' voluntariness question); the daughter-in-law's-and-mother-in- law's position; the divorced wife's property-and-dowry recovery; the Tarai's-and-hills' customary resistance; the "equal law, unequal society" conclusion.