1. The capacity-and-equality principles: no contractual exclusion by gender, caste, disability (the constitutional Article 18 commands' contractual face — the historical discriminations' bar);
2. The labour contract: the ILO standards' penetration (the minimum wage, the termination protections — the Labour Act 2074 as the human-rights contract);
3. The consumer-and-standard-form protections: the fairness doctrine as the weaker party's human-rights floor;
4. The good-faith-and-fair-dealing standard: the ICCPR/UDHR-era dignity principle's private- law expression;
5. The limitation: the human-rights instruments' horizontal application's debate (the private- bargain vs. public-right boundary — the courts' careful case-by-case).