1. Hindu legal system: the Dharmashastra tradition — the law as dharma (the cosmic-and- social duty's code, not the state's command): the sources' hierarchy (sruti, smriti, sadachara,atmatushti — Manu, Yajnavalkya, Narada, Brihaspati); the king's justice (the dharma-king's
court: the shasana, the sabha-and-samiti); the commentators' mimamsa (the interpretive science); the schools (Mitakshara-and-Dayabhaga — the succession's division); the persons' law (the varna-and-ashrama ordering — the historical hierarchy the modern law dismantles); the modern survival: the Hindu-law codes of India (the family-law statutes), Nepal's own shastric substrate (the pre-1963 Ain's family chapters — Family Law's Unit 1, this semester); the secularity's turn (the constitutional secularism);
2. Islamic legal system: the Sharia — the divine law: the sources (Qur'an, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas — the revealed text, the Prophet's practice, the consensus, the analogy); the schools (the Sunni- and-Shia lines: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali; the Ja'fari); the jurists' method (ijtihad vs. taqlid — the reasoning's gate); the law's breadth (the ibadat and muamalat: worship-and-transactions in one system); the qadi's court; the modern era: the codifications-and-receptions (the Ottoman Mecelle; the national family-law statutes; the fiqh's partial statutory survival — the classical's transformation); the contemporary spectrum (the constitutional sharia-clauses; the fully-secular systems of Muslim-majority states; the Taliban-era's regressive claim — the system's contested present).
The comparative frame's lessons for Nepal (the unit's bridge to Unit 2): Nepal as the mixed system — the civil-law codification (the Ain-to-Code tradition), the common-law procedure- and-precedent (the Anglo-Indian inheritance: the codes' era's procedure, the stare decisis's constitutional adoption), the Hindu-law substrate (the family law's pre-1963 world), the customary pluralism (the non-formal systems) — the four-layer palimpsest (Comparative Law's conclusion, Semester 3).