3 Codification of Law (the five codes of 2074)

The great codification (enacted 2074/2017; in force Bhadra 1, 2075 / 17 August 2018) — the Ain- tradition's fifth generation:1. Muluki Civil Code 2074 (Muluki Dewani Sanhita): the private law's unification — persons, family (Family Law's base, this semester), property-and-ownership (Property Law's base, Semester 3), and contract (Part V: ss. 493–671 — Contract-I's verified frame, thissemester); the general-clauses-and-interpretation provisions (the Code's own introductory part);2. Muluki Civil Procedure Code 2074 (Dewani Karyabidhi Sanhita): the civil process — the suit's journey, the mediation mandate, the execution, the appeals (Procedural Law-I's Units 3– 5, this semester);3. Muluki Criminal Code 2074 (Muluki Aparadh Sanhita): the offences' re-codification (Criminal Law-I-and-II's substantive base, Semesters 3–4): the definitions, the offences' general part (the principles: legality, participation, defences), the special part (the person-property- state offences);4. Muluki Criminal Procedure Code 2074 (Faujdari Karyabidhi Sanhita): the FIR-to-appeal machinery (Procedural Law-I's Unit 3), the victims' rights, the detention discipline;5. The Penal/Sentencing Code 2074 (Faujdari Kasoor (Sajaya Nirdharan TathaKaryanwayan) Ain): the sentencing-and-implementation act — the punishment's determination (the purposes, the sentencing factors), the prisons-and-release machinery (the parole-and-open prison reforms), the community-service-and-reformative options. Thecodification's assessment: the modernization (the rights-language; the systematic arrangement); the continuities (the 2020 Ain's substance carried forward in most chapters); the critiques (the five-codes' suddenness-and-the bar's adjustment; the translation-and-training gaps; the implementation-and-institutional lag — "the codes ahead of the capacity").