4 Contemporary Challenges

1. Constitutional challenges: the implementation gap (the constitution's promises vs. the delivery — the laws not made (Article 47's three-year discipline lapsed with the statutes pending); the transitional-justice stalemate (the TJ act's non-amendment — PIL-II's Unit 7); the federalism's maturation problems (the power-and-resource quarrels: the fiscal-transfer frictions; the concurrent-list coordination; the civil-service adjustment); the amendment politics (the citizenship-and-boundary contests); the stability-and-the confidence-machinery's turbulence (the frequent government changes — the dissolution era's stress test);2. Administrative challenges: the implementation state's weaknesses (the delay culture; the accountability bodies' under-strength — the appointments' vacancy disease; the corruption's persistence (the CIAA's-and-audit's findings); the service-delivery's access gaps (the digital divide, the language, the geography); the regulatory capacity (the new statutes without the inspectors; the compliance economy); the politicization of the administration (the transfers- and-appointments' patronage);3. The justice-system challenges (the bridge to Unit 4): the backlog-and-delay; the access- and-affordability; the execution crisis; the legal-aid's thinness — the system's self-diagnosis (the judiciary's strategic plans — the reform era).