5 Challenges of the Nepalese Judiciary

1. The access-and-delay: the backlog-and-adjournment culture (the DCM-and-continuous- hearing reforms — Procedural Law-I's Unit 5); the cost-and-geography barriers (the circuit-and- outreach answers);2. The independence's strains: the appointments' politicization debates (the CC's-and-JC's controversies; the "midnight judges" era's scar); the post-retirement temptations; the resource- and-budget dependence;3. The accountability-and-integrity: the corruption perceptions-and-cases (the judges' JC- removal instances); the JC's capacity-and-composition debates (the 2079-and-after reform proposals);4. The capacity-and-modernization: the judicial education (the Nepal Judicial Academy's role); the IT-and-e-court systems' unevenness; the language-and-translation (the Nepali-English practice);5. The structural questions: the federalism's judicial implementation (the HC-province alignment; the local-committees' quality); the specialized-bench system's deepening; the execution crisis (the tameli backlog — the rights' last-mile failure);6. The legitimacy dimension: the public confidence's measurement (the surveys' mixed picture); the PIL-era's activism both celebrated-and-criticized (the counter-majoritarian debate— ConLaw-II's Unit 6); the judiciary-and-politics' boundary (the dissolution-and-review era's lessons).