4.3 Role of Police in Prevention of Crime

1. Primary prevention — reducing opportunities before harm: patrol patterns, target-hardening advice, CPTED (crime prevention through environmental design), lighting and urban design, and the festival-season deployment plans (Nepal's theft-and-burglary cycles).2. Secondary prevention — the at-risk: hot-spot policing (the ecological maps of Unit 1.3), focused deterrence on repeat offenders and markets (the smugglers' routes), school and youth programmes, and community policing — the police–public partnership model (Nepal's community police committees, the ward-level liaison) that trades information for trust.3. Tertiary prevention — the convicted: intelligence on networks, monitoring of releasees, the recidivism watch. The prevention doctrine: certainty beats severity (Beccaria's old lesson, the economic school's new proof) — a visible, trusted, responsive police prevents more crime than any punishment's terror.