4.6 Police and Protection of Offender

The offender's protection — the police duty less advertised but constitutionally equal:1. Custody safeguards: Art 20(1)–(3) — grounds of arrest communicated; counsel of choicefrom the time of arrest; production before a judicial authority within 24 hours (journey time excluded) — the custody discipline that separation-of-powers polices.2. The torture bar: Art 22 — no torture or cruel treatment in detention; torture is punishable and compensable — the custodial-violence cases (the Kallu Tharu line's channel-discipline and the Parsuram Banjade habeas jurisprudence — Procedural Law-I, Semester 4).3. Presumption of innocence (Art 20(5)) — the suspect is not the convict; no punishment-by- media or perp-walk culture.4. Humane custody: the detention standards (separation of the accused from convicts, juveniles from adults — the Children's Act 2075's juvenile justice discipline), medical care, family access.5. The officer's accountability: departmental discipline (the Police Act's machinery), criminal liability for custodial crime, and NHRC/CIAA oversight — protection of the offender is, at bottom, protection of the law itself.