Define jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction = the court's power to hear, decide and execute a class of cases — the lawful authority's boundary. Its sources: the Constitution (the court structure's spine — Part 11, Arts 126–156) and statute (the Civil Procedure Code 2074, the Criminal Procedure Code 2074, the special statutes' tribunal clauses). Its species (the exam map): territorial (place), pecuniary (amount), subject-matter (the case's kind); original vs appellate; exclusive vs concurrent; civil vs criminal; ordinary vs extraordinary (the writs). Nature's rules: jurisdiction is conferred by law, not consent — parties cannot by agreement give a court power it lacks; a decision by a court without jurisdiction is a nullity (void, coram non judice — name only); jurisdiction is determined at inception (later facts don't oust it); and objections to it may be raised at any stage. The distinction that saves confusion: jurisdiction is the power question, merits the rights question, procedure the route question — this course is the third, built on the first.