On what grounds is bail granted or refused?

3.1.1 First Information Report (FIR)The FIR — the offence's first account: lodged by the victim, informant or witness at the policestation or the court (the court routing it to investigation), for cognizable offences; the police's refusal to register is itself a grievance (the Superintendent's oversight; the court's mandamus face); the informant's copy and the FIR's evidentiary role (the earliest statement — corroboration's anchor, contradiction's material). Non-cognizable offences: the complaint's court route.3.1.2 Statement of AccusedThe suspect's questioning within the Art 20 safeguards: counsel's access, no compulsion, the record's accuracy and signature, the confession's discipline — a confession to the police is not evidence of guilt (the compulsion-tainted confession's exclusion; the custodial-confession jurisprudence), the statement's use for discovery-information only.3.1.3 Spot Investigation Report (Muchulkas such as Lasjach, Ghatanasthal, Khantalasi,Baramadi)The investigation's documentary spine — the muchulkas (formal memoranda/protocols): the Ghatanasthal (scene-of-incident) muchulka — the site's inspection record (positions, traces, sketches, witnesses); the Lasjach (corpse-examination) muchulka — the inquest protocol (the body's condition, injuries' description — the forensic path's first paper); the Khantalasi (search-and-seizure) muchulka — the searched place's record and the seized items' list (chain of custody's birth-certificate); the Baramadi (recovered-property) muchulka — the inventory of recovered/stolen goods with identifiers. Together: the physical-evidence trail the trial will test.3.1.4 Charge SheetThe prosecution's culmination-paper: the accused's identification, the offence's particulars (place, time, acts), the provisions charged,…