Corporate personality — the law's recognition of the incorporated body as a person: the company's rights and duties are its own. The corporate veil — the personality's screen between company and members. Limited liability — the investor's capped risk: the grand risk- encouraging invention, with its costs externalised (creditors' caution — hence the statutory capital- and-discipline frame). Corporate citizenship — the modern discourse: the company as a citizen-like actor with rights and responsibilities — tax honesty, fair dealing, CSR, environmental care; in Nepal's frame the "company not distributing profits" (the non-profit company) shows the form's public-spirited use. The prescribed cases (personality and liability):
Corporate criminal liability's statutory face: the Criminal Code 2074's general part channels a body corporate's offence to the person who commits or causes the act — and where that person cannot be identified, to the owner, partner or director — the Code's own corporate-liability provision.