2.4 Principal Organs of the United Nations

2.4.1 General Assembly: Structure and FunctionsStructure: the all-members plenary — one state, one vote; the annual regular session (September's general debate) and special/emergency special sessions; the President, the Main Committees (First–Sixth: disarmament, economic, social, budget, administrative, legal), and the session's procedures. Voting: the simple majority for ordinary matters; two-thirds ofmembers present and voting for "important questions" (Article 18 — peace and security recommendations, admissions, suspension/expulsion, trusteeship, budget). Functions:discussion-and-recommendation (any Charter matter — Art 10's general power; the peace- and-security debate where the SC is deadlocked — the 1950 "Uniting for Peace" resolution's inheritance); deliberative initiative (the studies, the declarations, the standard-setting: the UDHR 1948 and the treaty-drafting platform); organisational (admissions on SC recommendation, council elections — the non-permanent SC seats, ECOSOC's members, the Human Rights Council's members; appointing the Secretary-General on SC recommendation); budgetary (the budget's approval, the scales of assessment, the finances — the purse's power); the subsidiary organs (programmes, funds, bodies — UNDP, UNEP, UNCTAD, the HRC). Thelimits: the recommendations bind no one (the Assembly's classic constraint — "the world's town- hall"); the budget's leverage; the SC's primacy in enforcement.2.4.2 Security Council: Structure and FunctionsStructure:fifteen members — five permanent (China, France, Russia, the UK, the US)and ten non-permanent (elected for two-year non-consecutive terms by the GA with equitable geographical distribution — the Asian, African, Latin-American, Western European-and-Other, Eastern…