3.2 General Nature and Function of Specialized Agency

The common constitutional template: a constituent convention (the member-states' treaty); a plenary policy organ (the conference/assembly — one state, one vote as the rule, with the weighted-vote exceptions in the financial institutions); an executive council/board (the limited-membership governors); a director-general and secretariat; specialisedprogrammes in the field; and the relationship agreement with the UN (the Article 63 umbilical). The functions' family:standard-setting (conventions and recommendations — the ILO's code), technical assistance (the field programmes), statistics-and-monitoring (the data commons), financing (the Bank/Fund family's lending), and dispute-and-complaint machinery where the design includes it (the ILO's complaints; the financial bodies' adjudicative faces). Themembership note: the agencies' memberships are near-universal but not identical to the UN's — the separate-treaty logic (non-UN members may belong; the agencies' own admission rules govern).