Socio-legal research = the law's study in its social context — the empirical companion to the doctrinal (Roscoe Pound's "law in books vs. law in action" — the founding distinction, by name). The utilities (the exam list):
1. The gap-detector: where the statute says one thing and the street does another (the untouchability laws' enforcement gap — the Bagchand era's lesson, Criminology, this semester).
2. The reform's evidence-base: the amendment built on measured harm (the domestic- violence legislation's advocacy research trail).
3. The court's enlightenment: the PIL's record of facts (the public-interest litigation's social- science annexes — the Pradip Kumar Agrawal line's legacy).
4. The implementation's audit: the execution of judgments, the prisons' reality, the legal-aid delivery (Procedural Law-II's questions given data).
5. The access-and-equity lens: who gets justice — the costs, delays, caste-and-glass gradients.
6. The academic bridge: the law faculty's conversation with sociology, economics and criminology (Criminology's methods, this semester, are socio-legal research's own).