1. By the conduct's legal class: criminal-type (theft, violence, drugs) vs status offences (age- only).
2. By the actor's pattern:occasional (the developmental phase — the age-crime curve's teenage peak that fades) vs habitual/career (the early-onset, life-course-persistent minority — Moffitt's typology, name only).
3. By companionship: individual vs group/gang (the adolescent's natural unit — the group-risk dynamics).
4. By the victim's face: property, person, public order, and the self-victimising (substance, self- harm).
5. The Nepali case-file's staples: petty theft and burglary; street-children's survival offending; substance involvement; group violence; trafficking's coerced roles; and the conflict-era's children-in-arms (the reintegration history).