2.4 Recent Trends of Theories of Delinquency

1. Developmental-and-life-course criminology — the age-crime curve's science (the teenage peak, the desistance of the twenties); Moffitt's typology (name only): adolescence-limited (the majority — the maturity gap's temporary offending) vs life-course-persistent (the minority — the early-onset-neuropsychological-risk line) — the theory that reframed everything: most delinquents stop by themselves.2. Biosocial interactionism — the gene-environment's interplay (the risk pile-up: the vulnerable child in the disorganised street).3. The strengths-and-positivity turn — risk-need-responsivity's positive twin (the protective factors' map — the mentor, the one good teacher, the prosocial island).4. Desistance research — the exit's science (the turning points: work, marriage, identity- change — the redemptive evidence for records' sealing).5. Restorative-and-community theories — the harm-and-repair frame over the offence-and- punishment frame (Unit 6.6's theory).6. The digital-and-globalised delinquency's theorising — online groups' differential association, the platform's criminogenic design, the trafficking's coerced roles (the newest front).