6.4 Role of Political Party in Election

The parties' double face — the system's players and its problems: the functional roles: the candidate-recruitment (the tickets' selection — the representation's first gate); the manifesto-and-mandate (the programme's offer — the mandate theory's instrument, Unit 3.1); the campaign's organisation (the volunteers, the symbols'-and-agents' network — the polling agents'-and-counting agents' statutory roles); the parliamentary-and-governmental formation (the coalitions' engineering); the voters' education-and-mobilisation. The legal discipline(the Political Parties Act 2073-and-Article 269–270): the registration's thresholds (the organisation-and-support proofs); the democratic constitution's own requirement (the internal elections-and-federal-parliament-synchronised convention duty — the internal- democracy's statute); the financial transparency (the audit-and-disclosure duties); the splits-and- mergers' rules (the mahasanharya recognition disputes — the EC's adjudication-and-the-courts' review line); the cancellation grounds (the undemocratic conduct, the constitutional-violation faces). The exam's critical frame: the parties are the representation's necessary vehicles (the PR's-and-whip's world) whose unaccountable internal power (the list-making, the ticket-trading) is the modern electoral-governance's core complaint — the Neupane order's own subject.