10.2 Cross-Border Securities Offerings and Trading

The cross-border faces (the exam's list): the multi-jurisdiction offerings (the issuer's home filing + the host markets' passports — the prospectus' mutual-recognition regimes), the depositaryreceipts (the GDR/ADR structures — the home shares' foreign trading), the cross-listing-and-secondary listings, the foreign-investor access (the QFI-and-portfolio-investment routes — Nepal's own FDI-vs-portfolio gates: the FITTA 2075's faces and the foreign-investors-in-the-secondary-market debates — the long-pending opening), and the tax-and-treaty layer (the withholding-and-capital-gains questions — the Tom Kristian Larsen case's cluster, Unit 11's list: the foreign investor's tax dispute as the cross-border illustration).