10.5 Case Studies on International Securities Law

The gallery (by name — the exam's one-liners): Enron (the audit-and-disclosure collapse — the governance reforms' trigger); Madoff (the Ponzi's scale-record — the custodian-and-oversight lessons); Lehman-and-the-2008 crisis (the securitisation-and-systemic era); the LIBORscandal (the benchmark's corruption); the GameStop-2021 squeeze (the retail-platform-and- short-selling structure's questions); FTX (the crypto-exchange's failure — the perimeter's newest test); India's Sahara-SEBI saga (the refund-and-compliance epic — the South-Asian neighbour's lesson); and the Unity Life saga as Nepal's own contribution to the genre (Unit 9.6 — the pyramid's anatomy in the unregulated-perimeter world).