5.3 Tokyo Convention, 1963

The first pillar — the offences committed on board (the jurisdiction's foundation): the flagstate's jurisdiction over the offences aboard the aircraft (the commander's authority: the reasonable-measures' powers — the restraint, the disembarkation, the delivery); the protectivejurisdiction's modest recognition (the landing state's limited powers over the foreign aircraft's affairs — the territorial discretion); the hijacking's article (Article 11) — the duty to restore the aircraft's control-to-the-lawful-commander and the passengers'-crew's return: the obligation without the offence's definition-or-the extradition's compulsion (the gap Hague would fill).