4.7 National and International Instruments

4.7.1 The Patent, Design and Trademark Act, 2022 (Trademark related Provisions)The Nepali trademark regime (by name and effect): the registration machinery (the application, examination, publication, opposition and registration at the Department of Industry); the registrability's bars (the deceptive, descriptive and barred signs); the term-and-renewal discipline; the rights' and the infringement's-and-penalty faces (the complaint, the fines and the compensation machinery); the convention-application faces (the Paris priority's domestic implementation); the well-known marks' protection faces; the honest critique — the 1965-vintage Act's age (the modernisation's-and-Industrial-Property-Bill's long-pending story; the Madrid Protocol's-accession debates — the international-registration's route Nepal has been considering).4.7.2 WIPO Administered Treaties relating to TrademarkThe Madrid System (the Madrid Agreement and Protocol: the single international application through the home office, extending to designated states — WIPO's registration services of U1.6.3); the Paris Convention (the nationals' treatment, the priority's six months, and Article 6bis'swell-known marks); the Nice Agreement (the classification of goods and services); the Singapore Treaty (the formalities' modernisation); the TLT (the law's harmonisation faces).4.7.3 TRIPS Agreement (Trademark related Provisions)The Article 15 standards: the protectable signs (the visual-perceptibility's allowance); the Article16 rights: the exclusive use against the confusion (the well-known marks' cross-class extension for the famous); the Article 17 exceptions (the fair descriptive use); the Article 18 term (the renewable seven-year minimum); the Article 19 use requirement; the Article 20 (the encumbrance's bar…