What substitutes exist?

The world's strongest system: the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (the Council of Europe's crown) with its Court (ECtHR) — the individual's direct access to an international court (the revolutionary design); the binding judgments (Art 46 — the execution supervision by the Committee of Ministers); the Protocols' expanding catalogue (the property, election, and fair-trial rights — Protocols 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13); the margin of appreciation doctrine (the Court's deference calculus); the reform debates (the caseload — the Protocol 11 and 14 reforms; the Brighton process; the withdrawal politics — the Brexit-era echoes). Beside: the European Social Charter1961 (the revised 1996 version; the collective complaints); the CPT (the torture-prevention visits); the Framework Convention for National Minorities. The lesson: judicialised protection at scale — the model the other systems measure themselves against.