4.3 African System

The continental line: the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 1981 (the BanjulCharter) — the peoples' rights' pioneer (the generations united in one instrument); the AfricanCommission (the promotional-and-protective mandates; the communications procedure; the special rapporteurs' own family); the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (the 1998 Protocol; the direct-access individuals' problem — the state-declaration requirement); the merger debates (the African Court of Justice and Human Rights's projected union); the specialised treaties (the women's protocol; the child charter; the elderly and disability instruments); the jurisprudence (the SERAC case — the social-and-economic rights and the environment joined). The system's reality: the resources and compliance gaps against the doctrine's richness.