5.1 Status of Ratification of Human Rights Instruments

Nepal's verified record: a party to the major instruments — seven of the nine core treaties (the Government's own 2021 statement): the ICCPR and ICESCR (both 14 May 1991), CERD, CEDAW, CAT, CRC, and CRPD; the first South Asian state to accede to the CAT and the ICCPR'sSecond Optional Protocol (the death penalty's abolition); the specialised instruments (the ILO conventions, the disability-and-child faces); and the pending items — the ICRMW (MigrantWorkers) and the CED (Enforced Disappearances) — the accessions on the agenda (check the current tables for the latest). The domestication: the Treaty Act 2047 — the ratified treaty's force as law (and its primacy over inconsistent domestic law — the s.9 doctrine of the earlier semesters' verified work); the reporting obligations' machinery (the inter-ministerial coordination the NHRC studies note); the implementation gap's honest audit (the ratification-rich, implementation-poor pattern).