1.3 Commencement, Repeal, and Revival of Statute

Commencement: the Act's life begins per its commencement clause — on enactment, on notification in the Gazette, or on a date the Government appoints (the Nepal Gazette publication rule — the general presumption of knowledge once published). Repeal: express (the new Act says so) or implied (the later inconsistent law); the repeal's effects — the old law's death unless saved, the saved proceedings (the accrued rights and pending cases), the General Clauses-type rules (the Interpretation of Statute Act 2010 B.S.'s machinery and the Constitution's transitional provisions). Revival: the repealed statute's resurrection — the general rule: repeal of the repealing statute does not revive the original unless expressly so provided (the presumption against revival — the classic's lore; check the saving clauses).