1. Risk management — the individual's-and-business's uncertainty converted into a budgetable cost.
2. Indemnification — the victim restored (the loss's economic absorption).
3. Capital formation — the insurers' funds finance the economy (the long-term savings of life insurance).
4. Trade-and-commerce's lubricant — the credit-and-transport faces (the marine-and-credit insurances enable trade).
5. Social protection — the welfare faces (the social security schemes, the micro-insurance for the poor).
6. The liability system's partner — the third-party faces (the motor-and-employer liabilities insured — the tort victim's real recovery).
7. The state's risk-bearer of last resort — the catastrophe faces (the earthquake-and-flood layers).